Social Work Goals And Qualifications - 1779 Words

This work is to give a brief overview of the history, qualifications, and expectations of social work education providers ranging from Associate Professors to Instructors. Included in this paper will be a story history, a look at the field currently, expectations and qualifications, and finally a short interview conducted with a Licensed MSW who has also gained a Doctorate of Educational Leadership in Organization Development. This work will also contain a brief look at the strengths and trends in the field. Keywords: Social Work Education, Associate Professor, MSW Social Work Education Social Work Education goals, according to the Boise State University School of Social Work, are to, â€Å"Promote academic excellence that integrates†¦show more content†¦Social work educators must also, at all times, provide leadership and be mentors for their students. Field of Practice Social work evolved in the United States during the time of the Industrial Revolution when people started moving into urban areas and social issues such as poverty, prostitution and child labor became problematic. Social work was initially done through missionaries and charities; however, formalized education came into being in 1898. According to the Counsel of Social Work Education (CSWE), â€Å"The Summer School of Philanthropy was founded in 1898 by the Charity Organization Society of New York and was soon followed by additional training schools for social workers in Boston, Chicago, St. Louis, and Philadelphia. In 1919 the Association of Training Schools for Professional Social Workers was established,† (CSWE, 2014). The AASSW â€Å"established formal accrediting procedures in 1932,† (CSWE, 2014). â€Å"In 1937 AASSW’s move to limit its membership to graduate schools caused state higher education institutions to form the National Association of Schoo ls and Social Administration† (CSWE, 2014). In an article published by the â€Å"The Social Welfare History Project,† Harris Chaiklin, Ph.D., gives a concise overview of the history of social work education. Accordingly, he describes three of the first schools of social

Research Material And Warding Off The Temptation Of...

Final Project The main focus for this unit of study is the importance of properly citing research material and warding off the temptation of plagiarism. With so much information on the internet, and so much pressure required of the students to excel, the ability to cut and paste a portion or a whole paper is too great. If the students are taught the rewards and benefits of doing research honestly, they will be less likely to succumb to temptation. Educators and librarians need to collaborate to instill these ethical and moral lessons to produce honest and original work from our students. Rationale for selection of instructional models The social-interaction model was chosen for the first lesson because pre-research strategies was the topic. Brainstorming techniques can be best developed in a small group setting. Being able to work as a team, the students can come up with ideas that might not have been thought of before. This form of instruction enables the students to work with others, something they will have to do as they enter the real world. The second lesson used direct instruction to instruct the students about proper citation and the responsibility towards plagiarism. Using this form of instruction, the students will be able to pick up on the importance of the topic by keeping their attention completely on what is being taught. Hopefully the students will understand the extreme importance not to plagiarize and the repercussions if one gets caught. Even thoughShow MoreRelatedOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesprovide full and informed coverage of a range of contemporary developments in the field. Notably, it includes diverse contributions to organization theory made by critical management studies. It really is pathbreaking in terms of its inclusion of material that does not appear in other texts. Professor Hugh Willmott, Cardiff Business School, UK This is one of the most up-to-date and comprehensive texts in the field of organization studies. It takes the reader through different perspectives and v arious

Innovative Mobility Device

Question: This report intends to find an innovative solution to the problem of commutation faced by disabled individuals. Answer: Executive Summary This report intends to find an innovative solution to the problem of commutation faced by disabled individuals. There are many traditional choices for mobility devices but they are found to be ineffective in addressing the basic needs of the disabled individuals. For years, academic researchers have been exploring various concepts and theories to conceptually design an effective mobility device with multi-functionalities and unquestionable comfort. It was found that disabled individuals though could commute through walks, cane, wheelchair and many other mobile devices, there were areas inaccessible to such mobility devices. Also, the computer aided mobility devices with the amount of investment they seek are beyond the approach of common people. Thus cost has become another crucial criteria to devise an innovative solution to break this logjam. Even the Segway personal transporter looked promising with all the latest technologies and design, but it failed to get the desired approval from the authorities concerned. Hence the mobility device cant be used as a medical device despite of its strong functions and in fact, it was found to be unsafe for the riders as well. After a comprehensive evaluation of the available ideas to address the major concern through mind mapping technique, it was found that EAZ mobility device has all in it to be a potential device to support disabled people. It integrated the independent designs of two other mobility devices to form a hybrid mobility device that has the mettle to become a good choice for the disabled individuals. It is hoped that this report would shed light on some of the important facets of the mobility devices in order to continue making efforts in the direction of aiding disabled individuals. Table of Contents Executive Summary Introduction Background Idea Generation for Mobility Device Idea Selection: Preferred solution for mobility device Conclusion References Summary Introduction: Innovation has been a crucial component across various industries around the world. With growing technological developments, its important that effective solutions are developed to help disabled individuals commute with a complete physical and emotional ease. Though the traditional solutions for supporting physically impaired people exist, there are many shortcomings attached to them. However, the new EAZ disability device has collaborated different technologies to emerge as a potential choice for a feasible solution that runs for a long time. Conclusion There are many traditional mobility devices developed over the years. But given the unsatisfactory response of them, disabled people have been looking for something more engaging and cost friendly solution. After the failure of Segway personal transporter, it has become essential that a unique solution is found out based on advanced technology which provides complete comfort and freedom to the disabled people. It may not be cost friendly but has shown exemplary potential as a permanent solution. Innovative mobility device The new EAZ mobility device integrates technology in such a way that it allows disabled people to stand or sit as per their convenience while commuting. Made up of advance components such as sensors, the device uses a self-balancing mechanism to provide a safe commutation experience. Designed by Grayson Stopp, the device has an appealing appearance and can prove to be a good alternative in the time to come. Introduction The report is aimed to conceptually design a suitable mobility device to provide assistance to the disabled individuals. Given the problems disabled people face while commuting, researchers have been exploring potential solutions in the transportation system. As the World Health Organization has drawn the attention of the percolating issue with the development of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health model, people suffering from mobility impairments are likely to receive some effective mobility solutions (Sawtzky, Denison and Tawashy, 2008). Its for the same reason that therapists aim to consider all the aspects of improving the mobility of a disabled person when it comes to designing the functions of the mobility solution. Thus its not just about finding a suitable device to transport but how it can enhanced the chances of disabled individuals to engage in other activities and address issues in context of functional objectives such as satisfaction, a nd self-esteem. People with physical disability struggle to commute from one point to another. Either they have to depend on the family members or carers, or get accustomed to the ineffective mobility devices. People suffering with mobility impairments are likely to experience problems in postoperative care of all sorts such as speed, distance, fatigue and more. Such people often use the traditional mobility devices such as wheelchair, walkers, and canes if they can manage to propel else motored devices are used to wheel such individuals around to achieve their mobility goal. However, every device has its own set of advantages and disadvantages stimulating the need for effective mobility devices. Alongside, the once popular Segway PT has emerged to be an unsafe option for disabled individuals. It be noted that there are many public places which are inaccessible for disabled persons when they are wheeled in a mobility device such as stairs, uneven surface etc. Thus, while designing a suitable mobilit y device for disabled, there are multiple parameters to be factored in so as to reach out at a comfortable solution (Uustal Minkel, 2002-2010). There is dire need to come out with innovative solutions in the form of mobility devices in order to provide the much desired assistance to the disabled people in commuting to the places of their choice, without relying on others. It is important that disabled individuals be given the freedom of choice to commute and engage in other social activities in order to beat the stigma attached. There should be continuous efforts in the field of science and technology to come out with integrated mobility solutions which are equally effective and efficient. Background Over years, intensive research has been done in order to find out suitable commutation solutions for the disabled people of the world. Though some of the experiments have been successful, many others are languishing to get the nod from the medical authorities spread in different parts of the world. In order to find a suitable mobility solution for disabled individuals, there were different options available. It includes the conventional mobility devices, such as wheelchairs, walkers, and scooters. These mobility devices ensure that disabled people are able to commute on their own with or without any assistance. People suffering from mobility impairments are likely to use a wheeled device to achieve their mobility goals (Lezzoni, 1996). However, there are challenges in each of them. People with functional lower- or upper-limb and possess coordination can make use of a cane, walker or manual wheelchair (Mattingly, 1993;Thacker, Sprigle Morris, 1994). However, they can use a motorized mobility device if they lack the requisite physical strength to move forward such as a powered wheelchair or scooter (Boninger, 2002-10). As much as they can prove to be good enough for transporting individuals from one point to another, engaging in other social activities just like physically active do can be a challenge. For instance, socializing with friends, going out for shopping, or other public events is something and working can still be a challenge to be incorporated in mobile devices. Its important to make the disabled people all the more comfortable with the new concept. There can be psychological effects due to the stigma attached with using mobility devices and hence its relevant to make disabled people feel relatable. Also, there are many public places that are not comfortably accessible for disabled people with wheeled mobile devices. Though there is growing awareness to make public places accessibility for all the people, irrespective of their disability, there are n on-uniform results seen around. Hence it is import to ascertain that the selected mobility device has it all to fit into the comfort of the disabled people for an enriching commutation experience. Additionally, cost is an important factor selecting the mobility device. Depending on the makers, and the amount of investment made, the price of the mobility device would be decided. Segment personal transporter is another conventional mobility device. Termed as a self-balancing, electric-powered transportation device, the rider is expected to stand on a small platform lifted up from the ground by four wheels. It manages to balance itself using solid-state gyroscopes and sensors that track the center of gravity of individuals. It ensures that the person doesnt fall. As and when rider bends forward, the Segway propels to maintain an upright position; as the leans back, the Segway stops and heads in the reverse direction (Sawtzky, Denison Tawashy, 2008). However, it has its own pitfalls. D espite being used by the Canadian and United States Postal Services, Chicago Police, Boston Emergency Medical Services, and local university and airport security (www.segway.com, n.d.), it hasnt managed to gain global acceptance for individuals with mobility impairments. Also, it hasnt got a nod from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as a medical equipment. Having said that, there are many who have recognized the potential of this technology to improve the mobility of disabled individuals. Given the pros and cons of each of the mobility device, the team would focus on selecting a mobility device that is safe, secure and affordable for the disabled people. Idea Generation for Mobility Device In order to reach at the proposed solution, there were many creative thinking tools used. Each tool had its own pros and cons and allowed to explore the available ideas to the best of the knowledge. Mind map is one of the most popular creative thinking tool that allows to explore different ideas to resolve the commutation problems faced by disabled individuals. It can be defined as a graphical method to present the visual link between different ideas and crucial piece of information (Sim, 2012). It allows developing a visual depiction of all the available relevant information about the possible solutions to the problem. In this present case, different ideas for mobility device in context of resolving the commutation problem of the disabled individuals will be introduced. For instance, Segway PT, wheelchair, scooter and walker were the solutions discussed with their pros and cons. It is important that different aspects of every solution are studied and discussed before the most suitab le solution could be achieved. The mind map has improved the confidence in the learning abilities by allowing ideas to expand in multiple branches thereby giving out a visually organized thinking plot. It brings out the tangible connections between ideas and the emerging concepts to add more weight to the arguments for each idea. Mind maps allow creative aspects to surface and reach out to the best idea that helps in find the potential solution for the said problem. Conventional solutions including crutches, walkers, wheelchairs, scooters have been emerging as a way to address impaired mobility. Though they are cost effective and use low technology application, many patients are found using them. However, they may not be suitable for serious disabilities. There are concerns regarding the person tripping from it and hurting unwarrantedly. In the same vein, crutches, canes, and walkers are useful but they are yet again are not a long term option for commuting to different terrains. The Segway has some edge over traditional mobility devices such as wheelchairs and scooters. In fact, manual wheelchairs are found to be causing serious injuries and hence regarded a mediocre option for disabled individuals (Kirby et al., 1994). It be noted that almost half of the manual wheelchair users suffering from a spinal cord injury are likely to report repetitive strain injuries in the wrist, elbow, or shoulder (Gellman, Sie Waters, 1988). Thus for a safe solut ion, a combination of these or perhaps an advanced version of Segway PT can be a thinkable option. From this discussion, its quite clear that the popularly available mobility solutions have some shortcomings to be emerged as a strong solution and the suitable solution can be a hybrid of the existing mobility devices. Idea Selection: Preferred solution for mobility device After all the thorough exploration and further evaluation of different ideas for effective mobility device for disabled, EAZ disabled mobility device can be a good alternative. From the very concept and design, it eliminates the discomfort of wheeling around. Its an innovative mobility device which represent the combination of both a wheelchair and a walker (www.tuvie.com, 2011). It can be used additionally by the old people also as their personal transportation solution. This two-wheeled mobility device possesses a self-balancing mechanism which allow riders to stand or sit while commuting. It gives the much desired freedom to disabled individuals to ride in their best comfort. Designed by Grayson Stopp, this device is likely to transform the world of disabled persons in the time to come. With advanced technology and exceptional concept, there are fair chances that this mobility device may become a potential resort in the near future. Conclusion This report has unveiled EAZ disabled mobility device as a suitable solution to provide the much desired freedom for commutation from one place to another. For years, researchers have been working in the direction of developing mobility solutions for the disabled individuals. There are many conventional mobility devices such as wheelchair, crutches, cane, scooter, walker etc. Each of these device functions the way to ensure that disabled individuals can move around. Even the World Health Organization has come forward to express concerns over the lack of effective mobility devices that can aid to the disabled persons. Also, the overall concept of the mobility device has undergone a huge transformation over a number of years. With the introduction of advanced technology solutions, electronic components such as sensors and actuators have come to the fore to modify the design of conventional mobility devices. From the traditional to the technology oriented mobility devices, different con cepts and theories have come forth to find out a suitable mobility device which not only provides the basic functionalities but can engage the riders into other social activities so they dont feel left out in the public domain. Its important that the disabled individuals feel good about the mobility device and are comfortable riding on that. This report has discussed the pros and cons of different mobility devices in order to check their viability in the actual practices. Though the traditional mobility devices are found to be cost effective, not every mobility device is injury free in the very first place. Its important for disabled individuals to consider both the functionalities, and cost factor before it can decide upon any of the mobility device. Even though Segway PT was turned down as a satisfactory medical device, it does stimulate the need for advanced IT solutions to be incorporated in the design of mobility devices so as to come out with an effective medical device. Through mind mapping technique, a pictorial representation of the entire scheme of things has been laid down in order to find the best mobility device for the disabled individuals. In the same lines, EAZ mobility device was found to have that innovative quotient complemented by effective functioning to provide complete assistance in commutation. Given the conceptual design of the mobility device, it provides complete comfort and gives the choice of standing or sitting to the disabled riders as they commute from one point to another. It is hoped that this report would help in stimulating more research in this field. References Uustal, H. Minkel, J.L. (2002-10). Study of the independence IBOT 3000 mobility system: An innovative power mobility device, during use in community environments. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2004, 85. World Health Organization: Proceedings of The International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health: IFC, Geneva, WHO, 2001 Iezzoni LI: When walking fails. JAMA. (1996), 276, 160913 Mattingly, D. (1993).Wheelchair selection. Orthop Nurse, 12,pp.117 Thacker, J.G., Sprigle, S.H. Morris, B.O. (1994). Understanding the Technology when Selecting Wheelchairs. Arlington, RESNA Press. Boninger M.L. (1999). Wheelchair pushrim kinetics: Bodyweight and median nerve function. Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 80, pp.9105 EAZ Disabled Mobility Device Is An Innovative Mobility Solution For Physically Disabled Person | Tuvie. (2011). Kirby, R.L., Ackroyd-Stolarz, S.A., Brown, M.G., et al (1994).Wheelchair-related accidents caused by tips and falls among non-institutionalized users of manually propelled wheelchairs in Nova Scotia. Am J Phys Med Rehabil,73, pp.31930 Gellman, H., Sie, I., Waters, R.L. (1988).Late complications of the weight-bearing upper extremity in the paraplegic patient. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 233, pp. 1325 Sawatzky, B., Denison, I., Langrish, S., Richardson, S., Hiller, K., Slobogean, B. (2008). The Segway personal transporter as an alternative mobility device for people with disabilities: A pilot study.Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation,88(11), 1423-1428.

The hip-hop subculture free essay sample

The hip hop subculture Is a way of life tethered to and popularized by the widespread practice of rap music. It originates from the African American community. It Is expressed through flashy modes of dressing, graffiti art forms, break dancing, and slang. However, with the passage of time, the culture has traversed racial and cultural lines and has become one of the most practiced genres of music throughout the world, with an equally daunting culture to match.Due to its African American roots, the hip hop culture was, for a long period, a serve of the black community. Rap music is largely expressive; its lyrics emotive and sourced from the experiences of its artists. Due to its urban origins, a large number of rap records and graffiti artwork featured the predominant themes of violence, police brutality, and gang affiliation. Some of the lyrics glorified thug life, which drew more negatively to the subculture. We will write a custom essay sample on The hip-hop subculture or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As such, the subculture was viewed by a nugatory eye by members of the white community, an opinion that was fueled by majority of rap lyrics.However, due to the popularity and centralization of rap, these artists became ere successful and transformed into beacons of hope among the youth. Rap was used as a platform to discuss social issues and preached survival above the worst of adversities as publicized by the pioneers of the genres. It slowly became widely accepted by all and percolated beyond cultural barriers. The subculture slowly became a culture of excess, characterized by expensive clothing, flashy cars, beautiful women, colossal mansions and never-ending parties, dubbed the fast life.Most argue that the emphasis on materialism has diluted the subcultures content, but the reactive of sampling and flipping continue to embody the original value system of the culture. Main draft. Expressions, beliefs, value system and a way of life for many of its followers. Also written as hip-hop, numerous elements distinguish the culture, the cores of which are rap music, disc Jockeying or turntables, break dancing, and graffiti artwork. The culture has diversified from these cores, giving rise to new forms of expression that in turn have created a strong foundation for hip hop followers worldwide.The adaptation of the different aspects of hip hop by different communities has provided he subculture with a sense of solidity and consistency rivaled by only the greatest of cultures. The coining of the term hip hop is credited to a myriad of the genres pioneers. The earliest appearance and use of the term is traced to the year 1978 and the band Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five. (Hager, Steven, 18). A band member, Keith Wiggins, used the term to describe the tempo with which soldiers matched, to tease his newly enlisted friend.The band proceeded to use a similar tempo in their performances, and drew Jeers from other disco artists with whom they performed. The term hip-hoppers was developed as a slur against disco rap, but was later on to become the root of its identity. The term was further popularized by The Sugarbird Gang 1979 release of Rappers Delight whose lyrics featured the words hip and hop. DC Lovable Stasiss release of the positive life in 1981 popularized the term among South Bronx residents. (Hager, Steven, 21).As such, he is widely believed to be the original creator of the term as it relates to the culture. The terms earliest appearance in print occurred in the detailed history of this culture, dubbed Village Voice and authored by Steven Hager. The book features an in-depth profile of yet another hip-hop pioneer, Africa Bumboat, who credits the coinage of the term to Lovable Stark. (_Zulu Nation: History of Hip-Hop. _ Hebraic. Coelenterates. Com. Retrieved The movement began in the sasss era among the urban settlements Of South Bronx.Due to its subversive nature, the culture remained in the shadows and was only practiced during house parties. Christened the father of hip hop, Clive Campbell aka DC Cool Here was among the first of many to provide his apartment as a platform. Light, Alan, De. 54). Gradually the music spread throughout his entire neighborhood. The Jamaican-born DC contributed largely to the genres development by incorporating its signature spontaneous toasting, speech and arrogant poetry, prevalent in numerous Jamaican genres. (Light, Alan, De. 58). The style was named emceeing. It defines the rhythmic delivery of lyrics via spoken word, over music or beats or free of accompaniments. The rapper Melee Mel, of the Furious Five, was the first to call himself an MS coining and popularizing the term that is in use to date. Cool Here is credited with the invention of breaking beats, the practice of breaking, isolating and repeating funk songs. The upbeat steady rhythm was meant to keep the crowds of house party enthusiasts dancing all night long. The parties grew in size, and the style became widespread and was adapted by numerous Des.New modes of breakfast such as cutting and scratching emerged, and famed Des Jazzy Jay, and the beat. A form of dancing, known as breaking, accompanied these performances. The culture soon became the main form of expression among urban street gangs. They came up with creative variations as a means of competition and usually to debunk a rival gang, instead of taking the usual violent route. Africa Bumboat sensed the levels of creativity among the gang members and founded Zulu Nation, a collection of talented graffiti artists, rap lyricists, and street dance crews.The groups popularity and its consequent positive effect on gang activities soon drew the attention of Billboard Magazine, whose article mentioned Africa and Cool Here as influential figures. In 1982, Africa further characterized the culture by creating electro-funk, which fashioned an electric sound out of the upbeat tempo of the genre. (_Zulu Nation: History of Hip-Hop. _ Hebraic. Coelenterates. Com. Retrieved The genre also embraced the use of human body parts to create sounds of music, dubbed human beat-boxing and popularized by Doug E. Fresh and Fat Boys Buff.Hip hop soon became a platform for the marginalia urban communities to make social statements. Majority of the lyrical content featured the actualities of life in the projects. The youth used hip hop to participate in the civil rights movement whilst slighting its limitations. The rappers embraced life in the hood and the violence, acts of crime, gang affiliations and poverty that came with it. These aspects were hyped, drawing negative connotations from the conservatives. (Light, Alan, De. 84). Christened Gangs rap, the element grew more lucrative and as such it attracted a larger following.Gangster records such as Ice Its 6th in the morning, N. W. As Inning for life and Ice Cubes Merrymakers Most Wanted broke record sales around the country. The sales were indicative of the fact that hip hop was clearly no anger a conserve of black teens. The plight of the youth from the projects and black civil rights activists was spreading throughout the country. The focus soon shifted from socio-political concerns expressed in the lyrics. It instead focused on the drugs, hostility among gangs and misogyny to appeal to a larger audience. Light, Alan, De. Several cultures have adopted the hip-hop subculture throughout the world. The sound diversifies according to the region that adopts it and is defined and expressed in numerous ways by the people that subsist within it. It has become one of the arrest influences over the activities, dress and lingo of the youth worldwide. (McLeod, Chamber 144). Its sounds have been largely incorporated and fused with several genres of music, therefore, yielding myriads of new styles of music and adding to its already massive fan base.Wherever the hip hop culture takes root, its socio-political and progressive agenda remains intact. Lyrics, dance, and graffiti are commonly used to table issues affecting various communities and to further communal growth and development. Emphasis on the authenticity of rap lyrics has made the subculture localized rather than a foreign import. McLeod, Chamber 147). Most of its mainstream artists and original supporters argue that the centralization of the genre has been mostly pervasive and instructive. (Isobar, Jeffrey O. G. , 187).The level of income generated by the artists gradually decreased the alignment of the culture by politicians and businessmen. In a bid to attract, a wider audience, the socio-political conscious messages ingrained in the culture were sidelined to glorify the most common of the aspects of the lyrics. Abuse of drugs, misogyny, violence, and gang affiliation, were glorified to attract the white ale. (Isobar, Jeffrey O. G. , 188). The lyrics lost their edge and their quintessence; the message has lost its authenticity and is no longer rooted to a sense of community.The wealth gained by the rappers became the stamp of the genre, its rapidly growing albeit ostentatious industry. (Isobar, Jeffrey O. G. , 188). Affluence and influence have become chief subjects of most record-breaking records. A majority of upcoming artists focus on materialism and a faction of the pioneers have had to redesign their craft in order to remain relevant. Mainstream artists continue to condemn the money-oriented message of the modern hip hop culture with artists such as Nas declaring that Hip hop is dead.Misogyny, on the other hand, has completely undermined the efforts of talented female Masc. into the industry. Female rappers acquire fewer opportunities than their male colleagues. Missy Elliot, Queen Latish, and Ms Late are the few noteworthy females that have broken this barrier. Ill Kim was the only female whose album has gone platinum, a record that has until only recently been reached by Nick Mina]. (Light, Alan, De. 194). Mainstream female rappers have used the platform to empower the black women ND debunk the subservient role that was accorded to them by male artists.

What Is Federal Work Study How Does It Work

What Is Federal Work Study How Does It Work SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips You’ve been accepted into your dream college! Congratulations! Now comes an entirely new challenge: figuring out how to pay for your education. College is expensive and becoming more so every year. If you don’t have a small fortune to fall back on (and most students don’t), you’ll need to put together a financial aid package that covers your tuition, room board, and other expenses. One common financial aid program is work study. In this article, we’ll answer the question â€Å"What is work study?† and discuss who qualifies for it, how much money you can earn, and whether or not you should take a work study job. What Is Work Study? The Federal Work Study Program is a federally-funded program in the US that helps students pay for college. Through work study, part and full time students enrolled in US colleges and universities can get part-time jobs to earn money. So, what is work study? Here’s the 411: Federal work study provides part-time employment while you’re studying. It’s available to undergraduate, graduate, and professional students with financial need. It’s available to full-time or part-time students. The program emphasizes providing jobs that relate to civic engagement (so, helping your community) or your course of study. There are both on and off campus work study jobs. If you work on campus, you’ll likely work for your school (think, manning the library help desk). If you work off campus, you’ll be working with a non-profit organization or public agency (remember, the jobs are often related to civic engagement). Some schools have partnerships with private, for-profit companies, but you can only snag one of these jobs if there’s a demonstrated link to your major or degree. Am I Eligible for Federal Work Study? Not everyone is eligible for work study. To see if you qualify, you first need to fill out a FAFSA Form (Free Application for Federal Student Aid). On your FAFSA form, you’ll give information about you and your family’s income, assets, and demographics (like household size, home location, and more). The FAFSA’s used to calculate something called expected family contribution, or EFC. Your expected family contribution is what your family is anticipated to provide towards your college expenses. If your family’s EFC is lower than the cost of attending college, you may receive a financial aid package from your college or university. However, it’s not guaranteed how much aid you’ll get or even if you’ll get it. Some colleges and universities award aid on a first-come, first-served basis, so it’s important to get your FAFSA in early. There’s also no official cutoff for receiving aid, so it doesn’t hurt to send in a FAFSA even if you think you won’t qualify for a package. If you do receive a financial aid package, you may see work study as part of your deal. In short, here are the three things you need to do to qualify for work study: Fill out a FAFSA application. Attend a college or university that participates in the Federal Work Study program. Demonstrate financial need. If you qualify for work study, you may end up with a job in the library or other on campus institution. How Does Federal Work Study Work? If you’re awarded a federal work study job, you may be wondering â€Å"How does federal work study work?† Here’s what you need to know: #1: You Can Work On or Off Campus Most schools have both on and off campus jobs available to work study students. Which job you’ll get depends on the availabilities at your school and your course of study. If you work on campus, you’ll be helping your school in some way. You may work at the library or as a laboratory assistant. If you work off campus, you’ll likely work with a non-profit organization or public agency. You may be able to work at a private, for profit company, but only if you can demonstrate that the job has a link to your major. #2: You'll Make at Least Minimum Wage Wondering how much money you’ll make with work study? The good news is you’ll make at least minimum wage. The even better news is that you may make more than that - it all depends on your position and your school. Your package will detail how much money you can earn from work study. That doesn’t mean you’re guaranteed to receive that money - you’ll need to do your job to earn it. If your work study award is $2,600, for instance, you’ll be able to work until you’ve earned $2,600. This is helpful for budgeting, because you’ll know how much money to expect, but doesn’t allow you the freedom to earn more money if you need it. #3: Your Money Will Be Deposited in Your Account The money you make from your work study job goes straight to you, not your school. You can use your money for anything you want, like food or supplies. You get to control what you do with the money - it’s not sent directly to your college to pay for tuition or anything else. #4: You’re Not Guaranteed the Same Job Year After Year You’re not guaranteed the same work study job year after year. You’re not even guaranteed to get a work study job every year. You’ll need to reapply with a FAFSA form every single year in order to renew your work study. Should I Get a Work Study Job? Work study jobs are a great way to earn extra money to pay for room, board, food, and other supplies that’ll help you get through college. However, it’s important to remember that a work study job is just that - a job. You’ll need to show up on time to your shifts and perform different tasks. A work study job will cut down on your availability to study and focus on your schoolwork. Do you have enough time for that? Will you be able to do your work study without letting your grades suffer? Getting a work study job isn’t like getting free money - you need to earn it. When deciding whether or not to take your work study job, consider what your availability and workload are like. If you have a tough semester coming up, you might not want to put any other pressure on yourself. If you pursue a job off-campus, your employer might not be as understanding of your need to study. Work Study Jobs vs Regular Jobs If you need to work during college, you may be wondering, â€Å"Should I try for a work study job or a non-work study job?† There are pros and cons for each. Work study jobs are offered through your college or university. Work study employers are more likely to be respectful of your school schedule. Likewise, you may be able to more easily get a job related to your field of study, which will help bolster your application to other jobs after you graduate. Unfortunately, work study jobs are limited - you won’t be able to earn more than the money allotted in your package. If you aren’t making enough to cover your expenses, you may still need to supplement your income in other ways. Non-work study jobs offer endless ranges for income. You may be able to earn significantly more money in a non-work study job. However, you’ll have to apply for these jobs yourself, without the assistance of your school. Your boss might not be as understanding of your course load and the work may not be related to what you want to do. Ultimately, you need to take a hard look at the options presented to you in your work study offer and see if you’re able to make the money work for your needs. What’s Next? Application fees are the first hurdle you'll have to overcome when paying for college. Take a look at this list of colleges that don't charge any application fees to see whether you might be able to save some money in the application process. Are you worried about standardized tests and their role in your college application? Read this article to find out when these tests might not matter for you.Also take a look at this list of colleges that don't require SAT scores. Want to build the best possible college application? We can help. PrepScholar Admissions is the world's best admissions consulting service. We combine world-class admissions counselors with our data-driven, proprietary admissions strategies. We've overseen thousands of students get into their top choice schools, from state colleges to the Ivy League. We know what kinds of students colleges want to admit. We want to get you admitted to your dream schools. Learn more about PrepScholar Admissions to maximize your chance of getting in.

Amazon It Strategy Essays

Amazon It Strategy Essays Amazon It Strategy Essay Amazon It Strategy Essay Consumers, particularly young consumers, Increasingly view the Internet as their primary source of entertainment. This trend in attitude is the driving force 1 OF 7 Detente Innovations Tanat seek to merge ten Attitudinally AT televisions, PCs, gaming consoles, smart phones etc. Players in this space, such as Rook, BIJOU, and Applets, have focused on ways to facilitate the watching of downloaded or streaming movies on TV and channels like BBC and HOBO make their content available on the internet where users can watch them anytime. As this trend evolves, devices that provide multiple functionalities will win consumers largely. Televisions that allow on-demand video streaming, AD, live gaming, online shopping and quick browsing will wipe out the dumb boxes, Just like smart phones that replaced traditional cell phones. In addition, companies like Nettling have expanded their business model to online video streaming in response to the decline in the purchase and rental of DVDs. This evolution is mainly attributed to the change in behavior of consumers who care more about what they want to watch than from what source or on what device. Streaming and portability across multiple devices Consumers demand more value and convenience for their purchase. There is an increasing demand for portability across multiple devices. A user should be able to stream a video through Apple tunes on her PC and be able to watch it on her car entertainment system while traveling. To add to her experience, her car entertainment will know where exactly she stopped watch the same video on her PC and will start playing from there. This is the internet of things in the media industry. 3. Evolving ecosystem There have been three major trends in the digital media ecosystem: Move from pure competition to strategic partnerships Recently, Nettling has signed up with Amazon to move its web technology to Amazons loud, though it competes with Amazon on DVD rentals and video streaming. This is just one example where competitors partner with each other to grow together with industry and increase the size of the pie. One might expect more partnerships among the movie studios, content distributors, app developers and device manufacturers and lesser vertical integration Entry of new players As the ecosystem evolves, it attracts the entry of new players into different businesses. The emergence of internet of things will create opportunities for device manufacturers, platform and app developers and telecoms service providers to play a ajar role in shaping the future of the industry. In addition, the growing market will invite big and smaller players outside media industry to grab a share for themselves. Wall-Marts purchase of Vaduz is one such case and an older classic case is, of course, the launch of Amazon Video On-Demand! Cross-sector opportunities convergence Just as media industry creates opportunities for new entrants, the technology, consumer base and data possessed by the existing players makes them important components in other sectors. Personal gadgets like watches can become an integral ice in the internet of things and play a major role in connecting to the cloud and streaming authentication. Further, when live streaming technology matures and the demand for tell-health rises, platform and app developers like Amazon and streaming device manufacturers TIVOLI and Rook can leverage their technology expertise in the healthcare sector. We already experience a convergence between the digital media and publishing sectors with players like Amazon and Apple increasing presence in both and building technologies like pads which blur the distinction between media and publishing for an end-consumer. These cross-sector opportunities will bring about more and more convergence, wherein a every company will be able to influence multiple sectors and generate revenue across industries. This, in turn, will be enabled by and will lead to more complex partnerships and licensing deals. 4. Cloud is the enabler For the trends discussed above, including the internet of things and on demand streaming, cloud computing will be the enabler. More and more companies across industries want to get on to the cloud to decrease costs and focus efforts on their core business. This explains why the bandwidth consumed by Amazons global besides is far less compared to that consumed by its web services. The cloud is important specifically to the media industry because it is the most efficient approach to handle customer data, distribute streaming APS, enable devices to talk to each other and above all content storage. 5. Getting closer to the customer than ever before As per a Minute report, between 2007 and 2009, online video ad sales increased 161. % from $424 million to $1. 1 billion. The category includes video ads, layovers, and banner ads within videos. In spite of these rapid gains, Online video currently accounts for only 3. % of ad dollars spend on media, making it a clear target for growth. To fill this gap, there is a need for extensive data analytics and innovative means to understand the customer better. Amazon is big on tracking customer behavior and leveraging it in different aspects of its business. Media distributors are in a very unique position to reach the customers and we see players like Tivoli investing heavily in data analytics. Some other players partner with companies like Google to transform the data they own into useful information that can be modernized. Real-time data analytics gives an opportunity for players in this space. In an ideal world, Olive Gardens will want its ad to be displayed when a person is in a car watching a movie streamed through Amazon in the car entertainment system and is within 1 mile radius of its restaurant at 12 noon. At the end of the day, the one who wins is the one who can give the right ad to the right customer at the right time Amazon Lets take a look at Amazons mission statement once before getting in depth. To be Earths most customer-centric company where people can find and discover anything they want to buy online Breaking it down: customers Buyers, sellers, Developers, Partners Anything they want I Books, music, apparel, video, devices, web service, platform, applications. What is not obvious in this mission statement is that Amazon intends to expand their business, innovate and creep into multiple sectors leveraging their technology expertise. In short, Amazon wants to be disruptive in what they do! Amazon has strengths that are unique to its status and would not carry over to its competitors that emulate its design. The company is simply so different from other players in its space, be it retailers, software providers, digital media providers, that whats good for Amazon is not good for its competitors in different sectors. Strengths * Customer Relations Management * Information Technology * Data Analytics * Strong Brand * Innovative approach to new business development * Business strategy interwoven with IT strategy * Diversified business Opportunities * Cross sales * Partnerships established well in co-branding without brand dilution or lead a disruptive change Recommendation * Initiate On the basis of the emerging trends in the digital media industry and Amazons strengths and opportunities, I recommend that Amazon should develop a platform to enable video streaming across multiple devices using the cloud and lead the Journey towards internet of things in digital media space. Technology The platform will have many components: 1 . Web service that can be accessed by any device to access and store user data in the cloud 2. App that will enable devices to talk to each other 3. App that will stream video to any device (phone, TV, car). The key feature of this platform is device independence. Value Proposition to End-Users 1 . Purchase and watch videos online from Amazon Video On-Demand or Nettling using a delivery gadget- PC, smart phone, gaming console, TV 2. Your delivery gadget tells your personal synchronizing gadget watch, a dumb phone, MPH player or anything that you always carry with you about your video watching behavior 3. Personal gadget stores information in the cloud 4. When you are in your car or using your gaming console, you personal gadget accesses the cloud and transmits the information to the device in front of you 5. Your delivery device then knows what exactly you want to watch right now and starts playing it! Implications The New Ecosystem Amazons streaming platform well Drill In new players Into ten Logical meal ecosystem and also negatively impact some existing players Major Participants: Delivery Gadgets I TV, Smart Phones, PC, Car entertainment system, In-flight entertainments system, Gaming consoles I Content Distributors I Hull, Amazon Video On-Demand, Nettling, Apple tunes (? ) I Synchronizing Gadgets I Wrist watch, MPH players, dumb cellular phones, smart phones, PC,TV I Other participants include ad agencies and data analytics providers. Key Partnerships and Amazons Value Proposition * Tivoli: Tivoli will slowly disappear if internet of things starts gaining traction. Therefore partnering with Amazon to develop the streaming platform will be a insensible strategic move for the company. In return, Amazon can leverage Divots streaming technology and resources in building this platform. * Flash: Amazon can leverage its existing partnership with Flash and make it an integral part of the streaming platform to enable device independence. Thus any device that has Amazons app to stream videos will use Flash and any content distributor who participates will deliver Flash-compatible video. * Content Distributors: Companies like hull and Nettling do not have the technical expertise or resources to build a streaming platform to enable interconnectivity between devices. Partnering with Amazon and purchasing license to use its streaming platform will help these companies increase their customer base and the frequency of usage of their services (customers can now watch a hull video while flying). * Device Manufacturers: When this technology gains traction, end users will prefer to own a device that can enable a great, convenient entertainment experience whether it is a wrist watch, TV or a smart phone. But, on order to light a spark that will create this demand, Amazon needs to partner with device manufacturers and incentive them to have its streaming platform included in the device. Once the network effects start working and users show an increased demand, more and more device manufacturers will want to have Amazons app on their products. Thus both parties increase their reach to end users. * Network Infrastructure: Amazon will see a huge surge in bandwidth and server demands in the future. Therefore, it is important for Amazon to partner with companies like Zamia Technologies that can power their platform delivery from the cloud and seamless video streaming. To handle bandwidth needs, however, Amazon should leave it to the device manufacturers to make partnerships with telecoms companies like Ericson. Who stays neutral or loses in the game? * Youth: The nature of the videos, including length and quality, and the lack of organization will hinder Youth from reaping any significant benefit from this trend. Compass: The primary delivery channel for Compass is cable. Therefore Compass will not gain from the interconnectivity of devices. Rather, internet of things is going against their core business and if this technology gains traction Compass might not generate sizable revenue from on-demand video business. * Nettling: This technology and business model will cannibalize revenue from DVD purchase and mental for Nettling. However, there is already a decline in the demand for DVDs and therefore the increase in revenue from the interconnectivity and cross-streaming across evolves will outline ten centralization Impact. Pricing The end-user is concerned about prices in two forms: a. Price of Video Streaming: The content distributors will experience an increase in ad revenue and revenue from purchase of content because of the improved user experience with the new platform. In order to keep this revenue flowing, there should not be any significant increase in the price that users pay for content currently. B. Price of Devices: In order to experience the interconnectivity and convenience of cross-device streaming, end-users will be willing to pay a premium for devices that support this feature. To end-users, this is a one-time expenditure that will enable them enjoy the benefits over a long time (they dont pay a premium for content). Real- time Streaming Sports: There is a huge opportunity for sports channels to partner with content distributors to deliver real-time sports videos across multiple devices. Such videos are very valuable when watched live, but decrease significantly in value once the event is over. Therefore, this is a place where both the content owner and the distributor can demand a premium from end users and increase revenues. Revenue sharing Players who are very close to the end-consumer constantly are the ones to capture maximum value from data analytics and ads. The following table lays down the revenue model for the different players in this ecosystem Amazon | 1. Revenue from content distributors and device manufacturers by selling license to incorporate and use its platform 2.

Causes behind the Arab Spring Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Causes behind the Arab Spring - Essay Example In fact, nations like Iraq, Syria, and Iran were obstacles in the path of establishing a greater Israel which could control the whole Middle East. Thus, the best way to do so was to topple the ruling regime by working from within. In order to do so, it was necessary to create conflict between the various religious and ethnic groups by entering the nation in the name of protecting the minorities. A perfect example is Tunisia, which was once considered the best Economy in Africa. However, as Tunisian leader Ben Ali was in close contact with the West and NATO, it was easy for the West to manipulate the internal affairs. As Lalmi reports, soon, the corruption of Ben Ali was leaked through Wikileaks, and mass demonstrations hit the streets in no time. Soon, Ben Ali fled to Saudi Arabia. Very similar was the case of Egypt and Hosni Mubarak. Evidently, he was a man who was hated by most Arabs for his support of the West. Also, there were many more reasons ranging from his privatization of natural resources to foreign investors, supporting the attack on Iraq, and opposition to Hezbollah’s and Hamas’ armed fight against Israel. In order to promote uprisings, as Nixon reported in New York Times, various American groups including International Republican Institute, National Democratic Institute and Freedom House, and National Endowment for Democracy and Project on Middle East Democracy provided technical training in the use of social networking and mobile technology. In fact, the situation was very similar in Libya where Gaddafi was foolish enough to try to establish an African Union which would jeopardize the re-colonization plan and to develop a new currency to rival the American Dollar and the European Euro.

The Glass Menagerie Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Glass Menagerie - Essay Example C. He feels like a trapped animal that finally escapes its shackled existence. III: Amanda Wingfield’s illusionary world. A. Amanda is an old Southern belle who cannot accept her new status. B. She is partially guilty for her children’s faults. C. She tries to live in the present and past, unsuccessfully. The Difficulty of Accepting Reality Tennessee Williams’ The Glass Menagerie offers a minimal approach at the cost of an abundant plot and dramatic realism, so that he can portray â€Å"the totality of experience†¦ through symbolic implications, psychological action and lack of other distractions† (Bloom 19). His characters face such transformation that they find it impossible to relate to and cope with their present reality. Each member of the Wingfield family is unable to overcome this difficulty and each one of them withdraws into a private world of illusion where they find the comfort and meaning that the real world does not seem to offer. The phy sically and emotionally crippled Laura lives in a private world populated by glass animals, which are, just like her own inner self, dangerously delicate: â€Å"Oh, be careful - If you breathe, it breaks!† (Williams 64). Despite her problems, she harshly contrasts the other members of her household, with their selfishness and grudging sacrifices, by exalting pure compassion. She is also compared to a unicorn, a mythical being which is being referred to as extinct by Jim, and is also lonely, just like Laura due to its uniqueness. Once broken, it loses its magical traits and becomes just an ordinary horse which she gives to Jim as a souvenir, because it does not belong to her imaginative glass menagerie world any more, an enticing world grounded on fragile illusions. Unlike his sister, Tom is capable of functioning in the real world, as it is noted in his holding down a job and talking to strangers. He reads literature, he writes poetry and dreams of higher things in life, of e scape and adventure. Yet, he is inextricably bound to the squalid, petty world of the Wingfield household, as this is the only thing we get a deeper insight into. He bares his thoughts on his sister, mother, his warehouse job, precisely the things he claims he wishes to escape from. It becomes all too obvious that he has no more motivation than his sister in trying to obtain personal success, romantic relationships or even ordinary friendships, but just retreats into fantasies that literature, movies and drunkenness provide for him, until finally he leaves both his mother and sister behind, because as Williams puts it: â€Å"to escape from a trap, he has to act without pity† (Williams xiii). Their mother Amanda’s relationship with reality is the most complicated one. As an aged Southern belle who has lost all the major traits of one, she is partial to real world values and longs for social and financial success. She cannot accept her new status in society, Lauraâ€℠¢s peculiarity, the fact that Tom is not a real and successful businessman, and that she herself might be partially responsible for the flaws of her children. She yearns to make things better for all of them, yet she does it in all the wrong ways. Her retreat into illusion is in many ways more pathetic than that of her children’s, because she wistfully distorts reality, while at the same time, being painfully convinced she is not doing so. She tries desperately to hold on to both worlds, that of the present and the past, but realizes that both are crumbling beneath her

Fe2+ in heme becomes oxidized to Fe3+ Essay Example for Free

Fe2+ in heme becomes oxidized to Fe3+ Essay Consumers associate bright red color with fresh meat and brownish tint to outdated, possibly spoiled meat no matter what the pull date says. Some vendors are treating the cut meat with CO before packaging in plastic wrap for supermarket meat counters. Why would this help sales? CO binds to oxygen binding site and this binding is not readily reversible. Hence Hemoglobin remains in ‘saturated’ form and appears red and fresh. This would definitely enhance sales. CH2OH 5. a. In the figure to the right, what type of bond links the two carbohydrate monomers together? Answer by checking in the spaces(s) provided below. OH Check all that apply; or check none of the above if none of the descriptions apply to the bond shown. _____ glycosidic bond _____ hemiketal bond _____ beta 1-6 linkage _____ester bond ____ ketal bond _____ a furanose bond _____ phosphodiester bond  ¬Ã‚ ¬_____ alpha 1-4 linkage _____ a pyranose bond _____ hemiacetal bond _____ alpha 1-6 linkage _____ none of the above_____ acetal bond _____ beta 1-4 linkage b. Is it possible that the figure shows part of glycogen? YES NO Explain. In your explanation, include at least two types of clues that give you the answer. For full credit, use precise terminology. No more than two sentences -one per clue are needed to answer this question. Glycogen is a polymer of ? -D-glucopyranose. It contains ? (1? 4) linkages and some ? (1? 6) links. 6. You are studying an enzyme that catalyzes the reaction turning substrate S into product P and obeys. Michaelis-Menton kinetics. You are conducting a series of enzyme assays to determine the Vmax of the enzyme: each successive assay uses the same amount of enzyme, but a different concentration of S. a. When the concentration of S is 10% of the Km, you measure a reaction velocity of 1 ? mole P produced per minute. What is the Vmax for the enzyme? Show all your work and include units at all steps. V= Vmax. [S]/KM+[S] V=1 ? mole/min 0. 1Km=S Vmax = V*(Km+[S])/[S] = 1*(Km+0. 1Km)/0. 1Km =1. 1/0. 1Km=0. 11Km The value of Vmax will be 0. 11 times the Michaelis-Menton constant for the given reaction. b. When you add a particular concentration of compound C to the reaction mixture of enzyme and substrate at 1/10 the KM, you find the product is produced at a much lower rate than when compound C is not present. However, if you repeat this experiment with the same concentrations of compound C and enzyme but a very high concentration of substrate, product is produced at about the same rate as the one you calculated in part ‘a’. Based on the evidence presented, compound C must be (please circle all that apply):a zymogen a competitive inhibitor an allosteric activator a non-competitive inhibitor an endergonic compound a transition state analog 7. Answer each question TRUE or FALSE. If you mark it false, provide a complete explanation of what is wrong with it. . a) Enzymes increase the stability of the product of a desired reaction by allowing ionizations, resonance and isomerization not normally available to substrates. ____TRUE ____ FALSE The reason this statement is false is: ionizations, resonance and isomerization increase the instability of the substrate. b) Lowering the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen increases the effectiveness with which it delivers oxygen to the tissues, though it may decrease the amount of oxygen acquired in the lungs. ____TRUE ____ FALSE The reason this statement is false is: c) Whether the ? G for a reaction is larger, smaller or the same as ? G’0 depends on the concentrations of the compounds that participate in the reaction. ____TRUE ____ FALSE The reason this statement is false is: d) Enzymes are potent catalysts because they drive reactions to completion while other catalysts drive reactions to equilibrium. ____TRUE____ FALSE. The reason this statement is false is: catalyst lowers the energy barrier to a reaction, increases the fraction of molecules that have enough energy to attain the transition state and hence make the reaction go faster in both directions. e) The hydrolysis of ATP has a large negative ? G’0, nevertheless it is stable in solution due to the ionization of the phosphates. ____TRUE ____ FALSE The reason this statement is false is: f) L-Malate + NAD+ - oxaloacetate + NADH + H+ ? G’0 = +29. 7 kJ/mol The reaction as written may occur in some cells at some concentrations of substrate and product. ____TRUE ____ FALSE The reason this statement is false is: this is a step in the Kreb’s cycle and occurs in all respiring cells. g) Linking the endergonic reaction X -Y to a second, energetically favorably reaction Y-Z will shift the equilibrium constant of the first reaction. ____TRUE ____ FALSE The reason this statement is false is: h) Non-covalent interactions are too weak to influence the three-dimensional structure of macromolecules. ____ TRUE ____ FALSE The reason this statement is false is: Tertiary structure is basedon non-covalent interactions. i) Starch and glycogen are both polymers of ? -D-glucose. ____TRUE ____ FALSE The reason this statement is false is: they are ? -D-glucopyranose polymers. j) Enzymes bind a transition state intermediate such that it cannot be converted back to substrate. ____TRUE ____ FALSE The reason this statement is false is: k) When the reactants and products are all in equal concentrations, no further change in concentration will take place. ____TRUE ____ FALSE The reason this statement is false is: l).The rate of migration of a protein through an SDS-polyacrylamide gel is not influenced by the charge of the protein. ____TRUE. ____ FALSE The reason this statement is false is; m) In general, when ATP hydrolysis is coupled to an energy-requiring reaction, the actual reaction often consists of the transfer of a phosphate group from ATP to another substrate, rather than the actual hydrolysis of ATP ____TRUE ____ FALSE The reason this statement is false is: 8. Downugo, a marketed drug widely used by diabetics with hypertension, is metabolized by the liver enzyme CYP3A4. Your company is developing an insulin mimetic. You have three promising candidate compounds, all of which are metabolized by CYP3A4. The table below shows the KD of the binding of the molecule to the insulin receptor and the IC50 for each compound as a competitor for Downugo metabolism by CYP3A4. Compound KD for insulin receptor IC50 for CYP3A4 vs Downugo A 10? M 8 mM B 10 nM 50 nM C 5 nM 200 nM Your company has the resources to take only one compound into further development. Based on these results, which is your selection? Explain briefly. A. Very low quantities should be required for binding with insulin receptor, but the IC50 values must also be higher.

Essay --

Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak in Cupertino, California founded Apple Inc. in 1976 (Glen Sanford 1996). The two first just created Apple Computers in the beginning and as their company became more successful, they branched out to other types of electronics such as laptops, various musical devices, computer software, and e-book compatible machines. Apple Inc was started because both Jobs and Wozniak had always been interested in electronics throughout their lives. Wozniak was part of the creation since he was interested in computer-design. Jobs was the one who encouraged Wozniak to sell the computer to see what would happen. On April 1, 1976 the first Apple Computer was created. The organizational chart of Apple Inc. includes three key elements which are centralization, span of control, and departmentalization. Centralization is defined as the foundation of power and control which in this case is the CEO of the company, Timothy D. Cook. The next part of the organizational chart is the span of control; it refers to the amount of people a manager overlooks (BUSN 235). Since Apple Inc. is a rather large corporation there are numerous managers who overlook lower-ranking employees in the office. There is not a specified amount of employees that are assigned to one particular manager. It is based on what the strengths and weaknesses are of the manager and subordinates, the workload, as well as the location of the staff members (235). The last part of the organizational chart is departmentalization; the breakdown of employees into rational groups such as functional, product, and geographical, customer, and process (235). The ones that apply to Apple is functional, product, and geographical. Functional departmentalization involves separat... ...se and they would not have been prepared for it. Also, to stay on top, companies must have to have a secure global database and Apple does not. Their jobs are mostly concentrated in the United States and then the parts to make the products are made and constructed overseas. Since I could not find a definitive mission statement, they will eventually have one set instead of having a list of achievements passing as their mission statement. A recommendation I would give to Apple is to create products that are cheaper because then more products would be sold. Another recommendation would be to construct offices that are around the world making products that are related to that particular country’s needs and satisfaction. I also agree with Shaughnessy about making Apple’s product market more elaborate and varied as well as to focus on the future instead of in the present.

My Market Research Plan Essay

The business is an online clothing brand that sells products like beanies, hats, jumpers or t shirts exclusive to the brand. Purpose of the market research (eg to understand the behaviour of my customers, to find out who my competitors are and what they are doing, to understand what the market is like that I am entering etc) The purpose of this market research is to have an important knowledge about the market that I’m entering, to know the strengths and weaknesses of every direct and indirect competitor in order to find the gaps in the market that can lead to the success of the brand. Another purpose of the market research is to understand what products customers want, and how they want it, they prices they can afford for every product and where they prefer to buy the products. This also helps to find out what promotion strategy the company should use. Research Objectives (i.e. what do you want to find out eg to find out the size of my potential market, to find out what my potential customers want / need etc) My two main research objectives are to find the importance of the business in the market of online retailers during its first two years and to see if a retailer with such prices for quality products will become popular among the social networks where most of the small businesses get known. Research methods to be used The two primary research methods that I will use are questionnaires and focus group. By using these two types of primary research, I can gather both quantitative and qualitative data. A group of 8 people claiming to have fashion knowledge will be recorded while commenting about different aspects of fashion trends during time periods, how they change and how to please customers the most. The questionnaires will allow us to know the range of  prices customers can pay for trendy clothes and how they prefer the products ( quality, comfortable†¦) I will use company reports and annual abstracts of statistics as secondary research methods in order to get important information about our competitors and their activities. The statistics will help us to see how trends have influenced the market and how they will influence it in the future. That information might help on how to control the financial cash flows of the business because we can see what our competitors spent most of their income on. We’ll use the experience of the others businesses to avoid making the same mistakes. Market research questions (include the actual questions you will be using in your market research) The market research questions to be used in my market research surveys or interviews are: – How often do you shop online? – Do you prefer to shop online or at the store? Why? – What type of items do you buy the most? – Do you follow trends? – Do you follow fashion blogs? – What is your dressing style? – How much do you usually spend on clothes per month? – What shops do you most visit? – Are you happy with the prices you pay for your purchases?

Netscape’s Initial Public Offering

Finance 414- Individual Case Questions: â€Å"Netscape’s Initial Public Offering† SS13 You are responsible for handing in written answers to the following questions drawn from the case â€Å"Netscape’s Initial Public Offering. † You can work with others on this assignment, but each individual must hand in their own set of answers. 1. The case indicates that a group of media firms made an investment in Netscape during April of 1995. Using figures from the case, what is the minimum value these investors must have assessed for Netscape’s assets when they made this investment?The minimum value these investors must have assessed for Netscape’s assets when they made this investment was $163,636,363. 60. ($18M/. 11) I used $18M because that would be 11% of their equity. 2. Using figures in the exhibits, estimate Microsoft’s market value of equity on June 30, 1995. Microsoft’s market value of equity on June 30, 1995 was $56,730,960. (39 . 00*2. 32*627,000 shares) 3. Why would Netscape prefer an IPO to the alternative of attempting to borrow new funds from a bank?Netscape would prefer an IPO to the alternative of attempting to borrow new funds from a bank because they wished to fund expected future growth, stockpile cash, and gain visibility. Discussion question: You do not need to answer the following question, but you should think about it in advance since we will be discussing it in class. Is $28 the correct price for Netscape stock? What assumptions about growth rates in earnings might justify this stock price?

Imagery in The Fall of the House essays

Imagery in The Fall of the House essays Imagery of the Supernatural in "The Fall of the House of Usher" Edgar Allan Poe's writings are known for their macabre subject matter. In "The Fall of the House of Usher", Poe uses the life-like characteristics of an otherwise decaying house as a device for giving the house a supernatural atmosphere. Frank N. Magill explains this concept best when he writes, "Usher feels that it is the form and substance of his family mansion that affects his morale. He believes that, as a result of the arrangement of the stones, the house has taken on life" (1645). From the very beginning of the story, the reader can tell that there is something unusual and almost supernatural about the structure. As the narrator approaches the home of his long-time friend, Roderick Usher, he refers to the house as the "meloncholy House of Usher" (George one being a sixth sense of vague and indescribable realities behind the physical and apparent and another being a clever, reational interpretation of unsensible ph enomena (52). Although the narrator tries to view everything he sees in a rational manner, upon seeing the house and its surroundings, he has a heightened sense of superstition. He goes on to say that, "about the whole mansion and domain there hung an atmosphere peculiar to themselves and their immediate vicinity" (Perkins, 1513). This statement indicates that perhaps the house does indeed have supernatural characteristics and that something of an exterordinary sense is actually holding the house intact. Upon entering the house, the narrator becomes increasingly convinced that the house has some supernatural effect on those living there after observing the o ...

About Arata Isozaki, Architect of Japanese New Wave

About Arata Isozaki, Architect of Japanese New Wave Arata Isozaki (born July 23, 1931 in Oita, Kyushu, Japan) has   been called emperor of Japanese architecture and an engineer of controversy.   Some say he is Japans guerrilla architect for defying conventions, challenging the status quo, and refusing to establish a brand or architectural look. Japanese architect Arata Isozaki is known for using bold, exaggerated forms and inventive detailing. Born and educated in Japan, Arata Isozaki often integrates Eastern ideas into his designs. For example, in 1990 Isozaki wanted to express a yin-yang theory of positive and negative space when he designed the Team Disney Building in Orlando, Florida. Also, because the offices were to be used by time-conscious executives, he wanted the architecture to make a statement about time. Serving as offices for the Walt Disney Corporation, the Team Disney Building is a startling postmodern landmark on the otherwise barren stretch of Floridas Route I-4. The oddly looped gateway suggests gigantic Mickey Mouse ears. At the buildings core, a 120-foot sphere forms the worlds largest sundial. Inside the sphere is a serene Japanese rock garden. Isozakis Team Disney design won a prestigious National Honor Award from the AIA in 1992. In 1986, Isozaki was awarded the prestigious Royal Gold Medal from the Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA). Education and Professional Accomplishments Arata Isozaki studied at the University of Tokyo, graduating in 1954 from the Department of Architecture in the Faculty of Engineering. In 1946, noted Japanese architect Kenzo Tange (1913–2005) had organized what became known as the Tange Laboratory at the University. When Tange received the 1987 Pritzker Prize, the jury citation acknowledged Tange to be an inspiring teacher and noted that Arata Isozaki was one of the well-known architects who studied with him. Isozaki honed his own ideas about Postmodernism with Tange. After school, Isozaki continued an apprenticeship with Tange for nine years before establishing his own firm in 1963, Arata Isozaki Associates. Isozakis first commissions were public buildings for his hometown. The Oita Medical Center (1960), the 1966 Oita Prefectural Library (now an art plaza), and the Fukuoka Sogo Bank, Oita Branch (1967) were experiments in concrete cubes and Metabolist concepts. The Gunma Museum of Modern Art (1974) in Takasaki City was a more high-profile and refined example of his previous work- stacked concrete cubes- and the beginning of his museum architecture commissions. His first US commission was in Los Angeles, California, the Museum of Contemporary Art (MOCA) in 1986, which led Isozaki to become one of Walt Disneys architects. His design for the Team Disney Building in Orlando, Florida (1990) put him on Americas Postmodernist map. Arata Isozaki is known for using bold, exaggerated forms and inventive detailing. The Art Tower Mito (ATM) in Ibaraki, Japan (1990) bears this out. An otherwise subdued, low-level arts complex has at its center a shiny, metallic array of triangles and tetrahedrons rising over 300 feet as an observation deck to the cultural buildings and the Japanese landscape. Other notable buildings designed by Arata Isozaki Associates include the Sports Hall, Olympic Stadium in Barcelona, Spain (1992); Kyoto Concert Hall in Japan (1995); Domus Museum of Mankind in La Coruà ±a, Spain (1995); the Nara Convention Center (Nara Centennial Hall), Nara, Japan (1999); and the Weill Cornell Medical College, Qatar (2003). In Chinas 21st century building boom, Isozaki has designed the Shenzhen Cultural Center (2005), the Hezheng Museum of Natural History (2008), and with Yasushisa Toyota hes finished Shanghai Symphony Hall (2014). Well into his 80s, Arata Isozaki took on the CityLife Project in Milan, Italy. Along with Italian architect Andrea Maffei, Isozaki completed the Allianz Tower in 2015. With 50 floors above the ground, the Allianz is one of the tallest structures in all of Italy. The modern skyscraper is stabilized by four buttresses. It was possible to use more traditional techniques, Maffei told designboom.com, but we preferred to emphasize the mechanics of the skyscraper, leaving them exposed and emphasizing them with a gold color. New Wave Styles Many critics have identified Arata Isozaki with the movement known as Metabolism. More often, Isozaki is seen as the catalyst behind the imaginative, Japanese New Wave architecture. Beautifully detailed and composed, often conceptually powerful, the buildings typical of this avant-garde group are strongly single-minded, writes Joseph Giovannini in The New York Times. The critic goes on to describe the design of MOCA: Pyramids of various sizes serve as skylights; a half-cylinder barrel roof covers the library; the main forms are cubic. The galleries themselves have a visual stillness about them that is particularly Japanese....Not since the French architectural visionaries of the 18th century has an architect used solid geometric volumes with such clarity and purity, and never with his sense of playfulness. - Joseph Giovannini, 1986 Learn More Arata Isozaki by Arata Isozaki and Ken Tadashi Oshima, Phaidon, 2009Japan-ness in Architecture, essays by Arata Isozaki, MIT Press, 2006The Museum of Modern Art, Gunma by Arata Isozaki, Phaidon, 1996New Wave Japanese Architecture by Kisho Kurokawa, Wiley, 1993 Sources: Metropolitan Museum of Art; Modern Architecture by Kenneth Frampton, 3rd ed., TH 1992, pp. 283-284; Arata Isozaki: From Japan, A New Wave of International Architects by Joseph Giovannini, The New York Times, August 17, 1986 [accessed June 17, 2015]; Interview with Andrea Maffei on the Realization of Milans Allianz Tower by philip stevens, designboom, November 3, 2015 [accessed July 12, 2017] [IMAGE CREDIT]

Coffee Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Coffee - Essay Example Coffee has both negative and positive effects on our health and social well-being. Due to dependency of smoking and other drugs coffee was found to have a major association between its consumption and mortality rate. In addition to that, Boyle cautions that coffee causes blood pressure fluctuations and has adverse effects on lipids (119). Ethnographers recorded its usefulness in psychological healing by observing female Bosnian immigrants in Chicago. These women engaged in recollection of memories and socialized over a cup of coffee. Modern world was shaped by coffee, whose use led to the creation of public space: coffee houses, meetings and enhanced intellectual and physical vigor paved way for industrialization. Coffee production requires labor and tropical land. Coffee spread across the globe due to colonization. As a result, coffee spread to countries such as Indonesia, where the colonized served as cheap labor, and land was abundant. Today coffee is the second most traded commodity, with yearly revenue of over $15 billion. Around 26 million farmers globally produce each year mostly coffee Arabica. Rearing of coffee plants is environmental friendly, since coffee trees coexist with other plants and animals. Tropical areas harbor wildlife, whose species can at times only be found in these areas. However, there are insufficient areas covered by these plantations to offer a large enough habitat to the endangered species such as the ocelot. As a result, some organizations support these farmers through labels, i.e. produced in shade, distinguishing them from other producers who do not protect wildlife. Coffee promotes economic development to a large extent. For instance, Nicaraguan farmers for the first time in 1976 sold fair trade coffee in the United States: coffee bought directly from the farmers. For many Nicaraguan farmers coffee not only

Business Ethics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Business Ethics - Research Paper Example The factors that contribute to climate change include volcanic eruptions, solar radiation variations on the planet earth and plate tectonics (Schneider et al, 98). This paper describes the roles that governments, businesses and their customers ought to play in ensuring the environment is conserved and the effects of climate change are reduced. The authorities should lead the efforts of conserving the environments by establishing appropriate pieces of legislation to monitor and control our daily activities and the wastes we produce (Pittock 53). Through the intervention of the government, issues like waste disposal may be regulated for the purposes of reducing the amount of pollution emitted to the environment and leaving it clean (Schneider et al, 105). They should lead environmental cleanup efforts by regulating the production of materials which are not recyclable. For instance, the governments around the globe should control the production and disposal of plastic bags since they do not easily decompose and cannot be recycled (Keijzers 145). The regulation of the effluents that come from factories should be put in place to avoid the pollution that they may cause on water masses, the air and soil. The pollution caused by wastes from factories is the major reason that the world’s climate is rapidly changing thereby bringing effects like global warming (Keijzers 143). In conserving their environments, governments should also lead environmental cleanup processes like the going green campaigns while advocating for the use recycle bins and bags that are reusable (Pittock 52). They should also lead efforts aimed at promoting the use of natural forms of energy like solar or wind that have minimal effects on the environment (Schneider et al, 112). By encouraging environmental cleanup and conservation efforts among their citizens, governments will have played a big role in ensuring emissions

Business Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words - 6

Business Strategy - Essay Example There could be positive or negative effect on stakeholders of any changes in strategy e.g. employee layoffs will have negative effect on employees. On the other hand an increase in revenue and profits of an organization will have positive effects on stakeholders. According to Mitchell (2009), it is oftentimes helpful to seek to model the organization in order to analyze the specific activities through which an organization can create a competitive advantage. Michael Porter sought to define such activities known by the handle â€Å"the value chain† and described it as follows: Outbound logistics refer to whatever activities might be necessary to ensure that the finished products reach the consumer. This can include but is not limited to storage, order fulfilment, and a litany of other factors. Marketing & Sales may be defined as those activities which are associated with encouraging buyers to purchase the product/service which is being offered. It includes advertising, pricing, branding etc. Within such a dynamic, the reader can and should engage with a simple SWOT analysis of the firm in question; Electrolux. As such, a brief discussion and analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats will be presented. The firm displays more than a few strengths; the first of which is necessarily the fact that it has a long and storied past of offering consumer products to key markets since 1918. Moreover, the firm enjoys a very good reputation with consumers as presenting an extraordinarily high quality and offering expert customer support and service post sale. Additionally, key acquisitions and mergers have worked together to make the firm into a resilient one that encompasses the strengths of other companies such as â€Å"ElektroHelios, Finnish Slev, Flymo, Danish Atlas, and Norwegian Elektrag (Lorenz, 1989). One of the greatest weaknesses is the fact that the firm is a

War On Iraq And The Bombing Of Pearl Harbor Essay Example for Free

War On Iraq And The Bombing Of Pearl Harbor Essay In July of 1941, Japanese assets were frozen in America, and the consequent cessation of shipment of oil, scrap iron, and other goods from the United States, Japans economy was in most severe straits and her power to wage war directly threatened and her ability to make war was becoming severely threatened by the ongoing embargoes against her. Japanese military planners estimated that reserves of oil, painfully accumulated in the late 1930s when the risk of just such a squeeze became evident, would last at most two years by which time it would be far too late to make a stand, militarily, against the United States in China or elsewhere. Somehow, Japan had found its way to a no good choices scenario, with acquiescence to American demands dooming Japan to a less than coequal status with the worlds dominant powers, or war with the United States sooner than later before supplies dwindled below practical abilities to make war. (Russett, 1997, p. 46). Diplomatic efforts proved useless when The United States, and the British and Dutch, would end the embargoes only as a response to Japanese withdrawal from air and naval bases in Indochina; and at this time the Japanese military began to consider war with the U. S. inevitable. Most of the Japanese elite were opposed to any settlement which would in effect have meant withdrawal from China which would also mean the increase of Western, particularly American influence, in precisely those ares which Japans ruling castes believed were the natural provinces of the Japanese Empire. (Russett, 1997, p. 47). While the Japanese military planned for war, the American government also planned for an escalation of hostilities: By autumn 1941, however, opinion was crystallizing in the highest levels of the American decision-making system this process was leading to war. Roosevelt informally polled his cabinet on the question of whether the country would support war against Japan and the result was that All members responded in the affirmative; with public support behind the war, conflict with Japan seemed immanent. (Russett, 1997, p. 50) By the beginning of December their attack was irrevocably set in motion. The Japanese conviction that war could not be limited to the British and Dutch had to be based wholly on inference. Yet it was a correct analysis and a solid conviction, as shown by the otherwise inexplicable risk they took at Pearl Harbor the attack ensured American popular support for the war in the Pacific, just as the moral argument against Hitler in Europe worked to fuel public support for the American entry into World War Two. (Russett, 1997, p. 51) Although ambiguity persists in the public perception of the contribution of the United States intelligence services to the build up toward the Iraqi War, official statements by high-ranking intelligence officials who served during the time period in question maintain a specific position: that the U. S. possessed credible information that Iraq maintained an arsenal of weapons of mass destruction and these weapons posed a potential threat to America. In point of fact when classified intelligence reports surfaced in 2002 which seemed to indicate that the United States had no reliable evidence before hostilities that Iraq possessed weapons of mass destruction. (Official Rebuts Story of, 2003, p. A03). The question as to whether or not the war can be considered a fall-out of bad intelligence then, would seem to be a non-starter. The simple facts, despite leaked report of 2002, are that the intelligence agencies, including the CIA and the DIA posited and maintained the position through the buildup and afterward that Iraq posed a threat to the U. S. and that Iraq possessed illegal weapons of mass destruction. Since no weapons were found, there was obviously and most tragically a profound failure of intelligence. A failure so profound, in fact, that the blame for a catastrophe involving potentially hundreds of thousands of deaths and untold trillions of dollars should lie squarely on the intelligence gathering agencies who so grossly mishandled their responsibilities and led America into an unnecessary and dearly costly war. Works Cited Decosse, D. E. Authority, Lies, and War: Democracy and the Development of Just War Theory. Theological Studies, 67(2), 378+. (2006). Official Rebuts Story of Iraq Intelligence Shortcomings; Says Leaked Classified Report Was Misread regarding Weapons Program. The Washington Times, p. A03. (2003, June 7). Russett, B. M. No Clear and Present Danger: A Skeptical View of the United States Entry into World War II. Boulder,Colo. : Westview Press. (1997).

War Theories :: The Godfather Mafia The Good Fellows Essays

War Theories â€Å"War does not justify death!† Being raised in a Catholic and Republican family, I learned there was a right and wrong times to make this kind of statement at the dinner table. I was patted on the back for not supporting the death penalty because of my faith, an example of saying the right thing at the right time. However, I was also told that the reasoning America was at war was in order to stand for freedom and support the President’s decision. Stating that war does not justify death at this time would be a very wrong idea. Thus from a young age I learned how certain circumstances can permit one to safely state that death in war is justifiable. Today as an American citizen living in the War on Terror I am faced to battle these two ideas; death not justifying death vs. death in war being completely justifiable. Through this class, I have learned one statement does not work in all circumstances. War and its causes can be evaluated through four different theor ies; political realism, democratic peace theory, revolution and war, and regime change in democracies. All four theories define circumstances that justify death and circumstances in which death is not justifiable. There are many people whose professional job is to kill, such as soldiers and assassins. The most interesting aspect of these professions are that they are chosen, and further more many soldiers operate under the religious belief set that they will go to heaven regardless if they took another human’s life. The justification for many military professionals, such as the America military, is that they follow a strict code of ethics that defines rules for engagement and conduct. These sets of rules is used under the justification that it maintains stability and preserves human life. Even though the majority of prevalent religions follow a doctrine that condones violence and murder, military professionals’ belief under these established set of rules that they must kill or be killed. Military professionals also hold the belief that they are honored service men, not murders or criminals. Murders kill in greed or for the satisfaction of taking another human’s life, l icit killing. The honored service men engage in violence and killing acting under the responsibility of defending democracy. The real killing is not justifiable is random or murder for kicks down by murders and bad guys, illicit killing.

Functions of Doctrine in a Christian and African Perspective

Doctrine, in Ninian Smart’s dimensions of religion refers to the writings and textbook knowledge that people have regarding their religion. This is exactly what people believe about their respective religions passed on from the generation to generation. Doctrine is in fact, â€Å"the set of answers one has accepted to life’s profound questions. † It intrinsically comprises what the ethical standards of a certain religion would have and it â€Å"directly affects† the behavior of its followers. The â€Å"symbolic and mythical† are given order by doctrine, since people cannot rely on abstract truths alone.The main purpose of doctrine is to give â€Å"authoritative and sometimes systematic proofs that their religious reality and everyday reality is one and the same. † It may also be said that doctrines are somewhat answers laid out by the authoritative body in a certain religion, to answer the questions of life. They are â€Å"logical† hig hly systematized body of religious knowledge intrinsic in religion. It is evident that when two opposing doctrines clash, â€Å"believers commit the most bloody atrocities in the name of their belief† and in the process stay true to the doctrines they uphold.Certain aspects of the human life such as â€Å"death, suffering and change† are given light by religious doctrines, since it gives a foundation of belief to the religious follower. It may be said that people need something to hold on too, because these facts of life are much too grave for the ordinary human mind. In general, doctrines are â€Å"belief systems which provide answers to certain boundary/identity questions. † What cannot be explained is therefore given light by religious doctrines, and this help in a person’s acceptance of life and its realities.The functions then of doctrine are to â€Å"bring order and focus to myth and ritual†, â€Å"provide institutionalization of answers to the unexplainable†, â€Å"control boundaries of religious expression†, and â€Å"determine what is inclusive and exclusive in a given religion. † African religion has been greatly questioned by early European explorers visiting the continent. Some Africans were actually even converted to both Islam and Christianity through these explorers. In modern times, African religion still continues to be dominantly pagan.Dialogues regarding African religions have had certain difficulties since African â€Å"ethnic groups lack a term for religion in the Western sense as an entity or activity separate from everyday life. † Africans uphold religion as a complete way of life. African religion also may become misleading, since doctrines per tribe differ in degree and belief, where it is only called â€Å"doctrines† for formality purposes. As most world religions, the African religions hold that there is one creator of the universe who withdrew and remains remote f rom the concerns of the world.Believers do not directly talk to this god, nor do they offer sacrifices to him. Instead, secondary divinities are seen as ‘middlemen’ between them and their god. They are considered as â€Å"children of the god† or at least are held to be high ranking in their religious hierarchy. It should be noted that African â€Å"religions do not demand adherence to any single doctrine. † The intent of these religions is almost always pragmatic, where â€Å"religious rituals serve as strategies for reinforcing life, fertility and power. Doctrine then for them is a set of practice and rituals that they do in order for them to survive.What they believe in is that â€Å"the principal vision shared by African religions is that human beings must vigilantly maintain a harmonious relationship with divine powers in order to prosper. † The goal of these religions is to control these divine powers for the betterment of their lives, and â⠂¬Å"ritual is the way to do so†. A practical way of looking at religion and doctrine is what comprises African religions.Ritual then â€Å"ensures a community’s responsible relationship with ancestors who are guardians of the moral order, with spiritual forces within nature, and with the gods. † Of course, for Christianity, it is a totally different story. Doctrine for Christianity is a way of life, yet it is not purely for survival. Rituals are present yet not in the same sense as African religion where they offer animal sacrifices and hold mystical ceremonies. Christian doctrine therefore is an ethical way of life, a compilation of the facts about the religion, compiled by the Catholic Church.Christian doctrine therefore centers on the truth about God, Jesus and life. These are ways on how to live a Christian life which also teaches the way of Jesus. It may be seen as dogmatic, since the early doctrines were considered more of dogma than a religion that can hel p in a person’s salvation. These Catholic doctrines had been protested and continuously scrutinized by scientists and philosophers like Friedrich Nietzsche. The Catholic Church has been known in its early years to have imposed a way of life to the Christians, implementing soul and even physical persecution in the name of sin.The Catholic Church, though not changing the religious doctrines through time, adapts to the modern world of democracy and human rights. Persecution, like in Dante’s Inferno is not taught anymore, and was instructed to be uplifted because people follow not because they believe in the doctrine, but because of fear of persecution. Christian doctrine has now become a way of life for most Christians, deepening and rejuvenating their faith in their daily lives through it.